what did southern apologists believe about slavery quizlet

If the South Had Won the Civil War, Slavery Could Have Lasted Until the 20th Century. when did white southern abolitionism begin to fade? There is and always has been in an advanced stage of wealth and civilization,a conflict between labor and capital. few did because of the competition with slave labor, a former slave/the Barber of Natchez who owned slaves and property, no, they were prohibited from working in certain occupations and testifying against whites in court; they could be sold back into slavery; some states forbid their entrance, most forbid them from voting, and some forbid them from public schools, no, Congress outlawed it in 1808, but thousands were smuggled in. The threat of an armed revolt alarmed Americans on both sides of the debate over slavery. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. The negro is improvident; will not lay up in summer for the wants of winter; will not accumulate in youth for the exigencies of age. Palmer also argues that the slaves are better off with slavery, in part because of their own nature: "We know better than others that every attribute of their character fits them for dependence and servitude. The typical great planter of the pre-Civil War South was. The condition of society in the South exempts us from the disorders and dangers resulting from this conflict; and which explains why it is that the political condition of the slaveholding States has been so much more stable and quiet than that of the North. What did the young children of plantation slaves do while their parents worked? The seven states of the Deep South seceded before Lincoln took office. What arguments does Fitzhugh use to promote slavery? I hold then, that there never has yet existed a wealthy and civilized society in which one portion of the community did not, in point of fact, live on the labor of the other. The Southern apologist were people from the southern parts of the united states who argued in favour of slavery. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); As abolitionism gathered strength, white Southerners repositioned themselves from an acceptance of slavery as a necessary evil to defending it as a positive good. According to this formulation, no single human family origin existed, and Black people made up a race wholly separate from the White race. What does the Anaconda strategy refer to quizlet? [Solved] (2022) American abolitionism laboured under the handicap that it threatened the harmony of North and South in the Union, and it also ran counter to the U.S. Constitution, which left the question of slavery to the individual states. In the 1830s, southern apologists in the South argued that slavery was a "positive good" because it allowed an elegant lifestyle for white elites and provided protection for inferior Africans. Who profited most from the union of slavery and cotton production? How did the Confederate Constitution handle the issue of slavery quizlet? A video of the rapper Kanye West discussing slavery is a sad reminder of America's historical amnesia about the brutal realities of that institution. Because they were welcomed into the churches, they felt a sense of belonging that they felt in almost no other sphere of their existence. If a former slave could not prove he or she had been legally freed, then he or she was likely to be. Our negroes are not only better off as to physical comfort than free laborers, but their moral condition is better. . did immigrants become cotton farmers in the south? The Virginian George Fitzhugh contributed to the defense of slavery with his book Sociology for the South, or the Failure of Free Society (1854). Thanks for reading! Southern apologists argued that the institution of slavery was a "positive good" because it subsidized an elegant lifestyle for a white elite and provided tutelage for genetically inferior Africans. being unable to own or operate small businesses. Recent post: Who Is The Catholic Bishop Of South Dakota? In the late 1850s, she assisted Brown in his planning for the disastrous raid on a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. By 1838, the split between the two factions had grown so strong that there were in effect two Presbyterian churches in the United States. The seceding states made their motives clear in many ways. . . Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes what did black abolitionist David Walker do? In 1833, the same year Britain outlawed slavery, the American Anti-Slavery Society was established. Why did most slaves typically prefer living and working on a plantation rather than a small farm? What was one goal of the American Colonization Society? I may say with truth, that in few countries so much is left to the share of the laborer, and so little exacted from him, or where there is more kind attention paid to him in sickness or infirmities of age. This outcome was in part the result of different forms of church government; all three of these churches were organized into dioceses (or synods, in the case of the Lutherans) that were largely defined by territory; thus extreme abolitionist and proslavery views did not meet at the national level in these bodies. 89). In what ways does Calhoun use legal arguments to defend the idea that Congress cannot interfere in the institution of slavery? Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000. Nonslaveholders in the South followed the leadership of slave owners because they, they wanted to be slaveholders themselves. The abolitionist movement emerged in states like New York and Massachusetts. Calhouns idea of the concurrent majority found full expression in his 1850 essay Disquisition on Government. In this treatise, he wrote about government as a necessary means to ensure the preservation of society, since society existed to preserve and protect our race. If government grew hostile to society, then a concurrent majority had to take action, including forming a new government. The Slavery Apologists | Encyclopedia.com In the North, the abolitionist cause was the driving force behind the message from religious institutions and theologians. James Russell Lowell, whose emotional balance was cited by a biographer as proof that abolitionists need not have been unstable, urged, in contrast to Garrison, that the world must be healed by degrees. Also of importance was the work of free Blacks such as David Walker and Robert Forten and formerly enslaved persons such as Frederick Douglass, who had the clearest of all reasons to work for the cause but who shared some broader humanitarian motives with their white coworkers. Agassiz helped to popularize polygenism, the idea that different human races came from separate origins. Rather, they note that the master-slave relationship has existed since the beginning of humanityand, that as long as masters understand their obligation to slaves (including the provision of spiritual sustenance), the system is overall an acceptable one. The conflicting elements would burst the Union asunder, powerful as are the links which hold it together. That, suggests. it required southern postmasters to destroy it and told southern state officials to arrest federal postmasters who did not comply, no, many northerners wanted to keep the clauses on slavery in the Constitution, those who did not want to fully abolish slavery but prevent it from extending it west, an organization created in the Great Depression that hired people to improve culture, including interviewing remaining former slaves from Virginia to Texas for three years; most of the slaves were very old and/or had been very young when enslaved, so they weren't as useful. Texans were wiped out by Mexican forces. Slave owners believed they helped enslaved people by providing food, shelter, and clothing while relieving them of responsibility. Figure 1. How then can the hand of violence be laid upon it without involving our existence? Have a correction or comment about this article? 1830s President of Mexico. The rest of Palmer's sermon is an exhortation to stand firm against the reformers and the Northeven if that means secession. There was, moreover, growing revulsion at the ruthlessness of slave hunters under the Fugitive Slave Law (1850), and the far-reaching emotional response to Harriet Beecher Stowes antislavery novel Uncle Toms Cabin (1852) further strengthened the abolitionist cause. What are the 3 main causes of the Civil War? In the years leading up to the Civil War and through the war years, Southern ministers brought this concept into their pulpits, often using extreme language, such as referring to Northerners as "atheists" and "infidels" (Farmer 1999, p. 11). What were financial incentives for slavery in the South (products, share of global market) The sermon, which reads in part almost like the Declaration of Independence, notes that a nation "often has a character as well defined and intense as that of the individual" (Palmer 1860, p. 6). Form of Protestantism that was devised by Christian slaves in the Chesapeake and spread to the cotton South as a result of the domestic shave trade. "The particular trust assigned to such a people becomes the pledge of the divine protection, and their fidelity to it determines the fate by which it is finally overtaken." ." The Constitution itself had four clauses that indirectly addressed slavery and the slave trade though it did not actually use those terms. . . What justification, after all, did white landowners have to enslave Africans except that slavery was a source of cheap labor? Slaves usually named their children after _________, which illustrated the importance of __________ for African Americans. He advanced the idea of a concurrent majority, a majority of a separate region (that would otherwise be in the minority of the nation) with the power to veto or disallow legislation put forward by a hostile majority. Southern Literary Messenger 30, no. What were the 4 main causes of the Civil War? How long would slavery have lasted if the South won? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); From an anti-abolitionist, pro-slavery cartoon, 1800. Leader of the army that wiped out the Texans who were defending the Alamo. did non-slaveowning southern whites support slavery? Watch this video from Heimlers History channel to learn more about some of the main pro-slavery arguments, including the social hierarchy argument, the civilization argument, the economic argument, the racial argument, and the biblical argument. Baptized in Blood: The Religion of the Lost Cause, 18651920. The Origins of the Lost Cause Myth | History News Network Sig= was a weak justification for slavery and racism in the south. Society has the right to prevent this, and can only do so by subjecting him to domestic slavery. Confederate Constitution explicitly supported slavery and asserted state rights. Through the days leading up to the secession and during the war itself, Palmer and other preachers delivered the same message. Slavery as a Cause of the Civil War - National Park Service . The American Board of Foreign Missions (specifically its Northern members) refused to send him on a new mission unless he gave up the slaves. Biblical Reasons. Which statement is true of cotton agriculture in the pre-Civil War era? yes, about 75% in 1860; they were mainly subsistence farmers who concentrated on corn and hogs did non-slaveowning southern whites support slavery? Southerners, in contrast, were quiet, gentle, thoughtful, and given on occasion to "flights of genius" (p. 406). Not confined to a single church, early antislavery sentiment was common among Mennonites, Quakers, Presbyterians, Baptists, Amish, and other practitioners of Protestant denominations. In the 1840s and 50s, Northerners and Southerners took increasingly adamant stands on the question of permitting or outlawing slavery in new Western territories, a matter with the potential to alter the regional balance of power in the country. White southerners keen on preserving the institution of slavery bristled at what they perceived to be northern attempts to deprive them of their livelihood. D. They wanted a gradual end to slavery in the South. "The Slavery Apologists Both the Garrisonian abolitionists and the Southern apologists for slavery thought the Constitution permitted slavery, with one group condemning it, the other celebrating it. The Declaration of Independence had originally been referring to Great Britain's rule on the colonies in 1776. Black female abolitionist. He and his supporters were known, after all, as "black Republicans," a term purposefully designed to conjure an image of radical abolitionism. Although most white Southerners did not own slaves, the majority supported the institution of slavery and benefited indirectly from the slave society. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. That it is inconsistent with a perfect statethat it is not absolutely a good, a blessingthe most strenuous defender of slavery ought not to permit himself to deny" (White 1911, p. 298). Planters' sons chose military or law careers rather than going into trade. In their minds, slavery had been divinely sanctioned. what was the main goal of early abolitionist societies? John Lafayette Girardeau (18251898), the Presbyterian preacher at a small church off the coast of South Carolina, held services for both white and black parishioners and then separate services for slaves. Founder of Texas. Need I pause to show how this system of servitude underlies and supports our material interests; that our wealth consists in our lands and in the serfs who till them; that from the nature of our products they can only be cultivated by labor which must be controlled in order to be certain; that any other than a tropical race must faint and wither beneath a tropical sun? Why did southern states secede over slavery? Planters often broke up families and sold family members to distant plantations. . Early abolition (article) | Khan Academy Southerners believed that their way of life was the natural, moral order, while the Northern way of lifefaster-paced, more industrialized, more cosmopolitanwas an unnatural and in fact immoral way to exist (Farmer 1999, pp. How did abolitionists in the North respond to Southern apologists? Palmer, Benjamin Morgan. what was expected to happen if war broke out between the north and the south and did it? National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The Irony of Southern Religion. On the more extreme side were figures like John Brown, who believed an armed rebellion of enslaved people in the South was the quickest route to end human bondage in the United States. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. . Which description best identifies how Christian slaveholders justified the enslavement of other human beings? "The Difference in Race between Northern and Southern People." https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/slavery-apologists, "The Slavery Apologists So popular was the sermon that afterwards two separate groups from his congregation wrote to him imploring him to publish it for widespread distribution. . Which description best describes the "task" labor that many slaves performed on large plantations? At the time of the Civil War, there were approximately ________ slaves in the South. children who required constant supervision. yes, they dreamed of becoming rich and owning slaves, and their pride in their race would be diluted if the slaves were freed, independent small farmers in the Appalachians who owned no slaves and supported the Union. what was the American Colonization Society? The right which the master has is a right not to the man, but to his labor (White 1911, p. 298). I got my start in education as a teacher, working with students in grades K-12. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Help us keep publishing stories that provide scholarly context to the news.
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